Loreal Marketing

Principles of Marketing L’Oreal 1. The core, tangible and augmented products L’Oreal sells. The core product of the hair care products sold by the company includes the customers feeling good about themself after using the product. The tangible is he physical hair care product e. g. bottle, what the product claims to do for e. g. more shiny hair. 2 L’Oreal’s marketing managers have key branding decisions they must make. These include selecting a brand name and going onto getting a brand strategy.L’Oreal would need to decide on the branding in terms of what name to use and the icon to go with it. Brand strategy includes: Multibrand, range branding, corporate branding, company and individual branding strategy. Multibrand strategy includes bringing out more than one product in one product category. Range branding strategy involves the company deciding to introduce more than one different product to the same category of products however having a differen t name for products in different areas of the market.Corporate branding involves the company choosing to include just one brand for all the products introduced to the market and company and individual branding strategy includes that the company brand is included on all the products in the market however each product also has its own brand name. L’Oreal would be required to make the decision of what marketing brand strategy to use, For e. g. they may choose to introduce a new hair care product to the market and use a corporate brand strategy where they use the L’Oreal brand all products.L’Oreal also have other branding decisions including the branding position, name selection, brand sponsorship and development. L’Oreal must decide on its brand positioning. This includes the products attributes, benefits and beliefs and attitudes of the product. The attributes include what the hair care products attributes are for e. g. the healthy ingredients in the hair c are products. Benefits include what result the customers would expect from the attributes of the product. For e. g.L’Oreal’s benefits may be shiny hair due to the ingredients in the product. L’Oreal may however choose a brand positioning of beliefs and attitudes. L’Oreal would also need to make decisions on the brands name. This includes making decisions towards the brand name in order to ensure that the brand name is easy to memorise, say and identify. 3 The considerations L’Oreal faces in determining global product decisions include adapting their products to suit the various cultures of various countries the hair care products are being marketed in. For e. g. the pa

Diet Food Industry

Serious illnesses or diseases and poor physical conditions that cause personal problems and difficulties are commonly attributed to the health and lifestyle of individuals, particularly the kind of food that they eat. For instance, obesity that is consequently known to lead to other major and fatal diseases such as heart attack, hypertension, diabetes, etc. , is not only caused by a sedentary lifestyle but also the unceasing consumption of unhealthy foods, particularly sweet and fatty ones.Most people are aware of this fact even without the aid of informational tools and activities. Due to the widespread occurrence of these illnesses or diseases, medical health professionals and health buffs have advocated for a â€Å"health and lifestyle revolution† that consists of a healthy diet and a fit lifestyle. With these changes, the diet food industry has also been established.The diet food industry operates internationally, with various organizations and establishments capitalizing on the strength of the industry’s market; thus, the influx of new groups or individuals who are willing to venture into the diet food industry especially within the international setting. However, groups and individuals who are highly interested in investing in the diet food industry need to go over various processes and succeeding stages in order to ensure their place and position within the corporate arena.The remainder of this paper will discuss these processes and stages, including the study of the global prospect, particularly for a planned restaurant that specializes in diet food meals, the current trends and practices in the diet food industry, available opportunities as well as probable risks and threats, the competition, and the nature and dimensions of the market situation. First, setting up a restaurant in some part of the world requires the study of worldwide acceptance and national or cultural responses to diet foods.(The International Food Information Council, 2 008) This particular process is a good way to start of establishing a business plan because it directly determines whether the targeted market in a particular place exist and is enough to fuel the success of the business in terms of sales and revenue. In addition, there are other considerations such as multicultural diversity, the availability of channels of distributions, the moral or ethical practices prevailing over a particular place, and the availability of resources.(Shay, 2007)Since the structures and dimensions of these factors and requirements differ for each place, there is a pressing need to conduct surveys and market researches in order to determine the best place to set up a restaurant that specializes in diet food. Perhaps, it should be developed in nations or localities that have high incidences of illnesses and diseases that are attributed to unhealthy diets and lifestyles, while considering the number of competition that exist within the area.Overall, the quality of the global prospect of establishing a diet food restaurant will depend on the results and outcomes of the survey and market research. Second, there is a need to review the current trends that fuel the diet food industry. Usually, they are backed up scientific breakthroughs in food or biological technology and the condition of the economy. For instance, the current global economic crisis will lead to the control and limitation of pricing strategies if the restaurant owner will expect the market to frequent the products and services provided by the establishment.(Heigl, 2008)According to the research conducted by MSN Health and Fitness (2008), individuals find it hard to maintain a healthy diet considering the price that they have to pay for each meal. In addition, there has been much discussion and recommendations on the consumption of organic foods – versus the widespread production of genetically modified organisms or GMOs and food products – as chief sources vitamin s and minerals needed by the body. Organic food has also been found out to be a good prevention measure to avoid illnesses and diseases brought about by GMOs.(Greene, 2008)With the reason aforementioned above – that is the alarming increase in the number of individuals who die or get stricken by major illnesses and diseases that are attributed to unhealthy diet and lifestyle as well as the growing importance directed by individuals to the physical and aesthetic condition of individuals – there are various opportunities open for existing business organization to expand or venture into the diet food industry.The continuous evolution of dietary constructs as brought about by the advancement of science and technology allow the diet food industry to reap the benefits of discoveries, developments, and improvements that fit the landscape of diet food restaurants. In addition, the existence of numerous dietary food plans or selections also build up opportunities for organizati ons or establishments to compete. For instance, there are restaurants that specialize on vegetarian meals, low-carbohydrate diets, low cholesterol diets, sugar-free food products, high fiber meals, etc.(â€Å"Special Dietary Needs,† 2008)Moreover, as time progresses, there will be other introductions to the diet food industry. On the other hand, the risks involved have something to do with the problems those organizations or establishments would have to encounter during the planning and implementation process. For instance, competition is always considered a risk, as well as the market acceptability and response of the market to diet food products and services.Moreover, the risks are great for restaurants in terms of how they will be able to handle the market saturation of organizations and establishments that specialize on the diet or special foods. For this reason, the restaurant should be able to offer something new and innovative to the market, set it on affordable prices as compared to other establishments, and ensure the quality and efficiency of the food products and services being offered for the benefit of the consumers.With the development of the diet food industry, organizations and establishments are slowly trying to get into the bandwagon by modifying or transforming their products and services in order to attract the bulk of the market that patronizes special and diet foods. For instance, various supermarkets have involved themselves in promoting healthy diet foods for their consumers by taking part in the implementation of various strategies in terms of consumer purchases of healthy foods. (Mhurchu, et. al., 2005)In addition, well-known restaurants such as Chili’s Grill & Bar, TGI Friday’s, Fresh Fit, etc. In addition, this valuable cause of promoting the health and well being of individuals is also backed up by city governments and private organizations that are concerned about health awareness and consciousness. (Barlyn, 2 008) For ideas on how to introduce healthy diet foods, restaurants should follow by example from the popular restaurants aforementioned. Fresh Fit offers meals that include a sandwich, yogurt, and a bottle of water which is known to be only 340 calories.Chili’s Grill & Bar offers the Guiltless Grill meals that are packed with a variety of vegetables such as carrots, broccoli, and peppers. In addition, it also comes with a low-fat dressing. The Applebee’s Grill & Bar also offer meals that include various vegetables including low-calories steaks and beneficial seafood selections such as shrimps. All the healthy diet foods offered by Applebee’s, Chili’s, Romano’s Macaroni, Subway, and TGI Friday’s only amount from 300 to 400 calories per meal.

Lowering the minimum legal drinking age to 18

There has been a lot of discussion about whether or not that lowering the minimum legal drinking age to 18 would help reduce the amount of binge drinking among people under age 21. The evidence from recent history and research do not support this change. Some have argued that lowering the drinking age will reduce the allure of alcohol as a â€Å"forbidden fruit† for minors. In fact, research suggests that lowering the drinking age will make alcohol more available to an even younger population, replacing â€Å"forbidden fruit† with â€Å"low-hanging fruit. The practices and behaviors of 18 year-olds are particularly influential on 15 to 17 year-olds (Bonnie, p. 38-58, 1980). If 18 year-olds get the OK to drink, they will be modeling drinking for younger teens. Legal access to alcohol for 18 year-olds will provide more opportunities for younger teens to obtain it illegally from older peers, making enforcement that much more difficult among high school students. For this reason, parents and schools strongly supported the age-21 MLDA (Bonnie, p. 38-58, 1980). Finally, the following is a response from U. S. Surgeon General RADM Steven K. Galson, about lowering the drinking age. â€Å"We all should be very concerned about the extent and consequences of underage drinking. The fact is when youth drink, they tend to drink heavily. Today, we know more about the effects of underage alcohol use on health than ever before. For example, the science tells us that underage drinking can have serious health and safety consequences, such as motor vehicle crashes and sexual assaults. New research is also emerging on the potential harm alcohol may have on the developing brain which continues to mature well into the 20s. So based on the most recent research and the information contained in the Surgeon General's Call to Action to prevent and Reduce Underage Drinking, I believe that drinking under the age of 21 is not worth the risk. †(Bonnie, p. 38-58, 1980) The next topic that I am going to explain is that why do violent video games lead to an increase in crime. This article presents a brief overview of existing research on the effects of exposure to violent video games. An updated meta-analysis reveals that exposure to violent video games is significantly linked to increases in aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, and cardiovascular arousal, and to decreases in helping behavior. Experimental studies reveal this linkage to be causal. Correlational studies reveal a linkage to serious, real-world types of aggression. Methodologically weaker studies yielded smaller effect sizes than methodologically stronger studies, suggesting that previous meta-analytic studies of video games underestimate the true magnitude of observed deleterious effects on behavior, cognition, and affect (Anderson, 2004). Of course, anecdotal accounts of such incidents do not provide a solid scientific basis for public policy decisions or for the testing and development of relevant scientific theories of aggression. But there is considerable theory and research on both the immediate impact of a single brief exposure to media violence and the long term impact of repeated exposure to such violence (e. g. Donnerstein, Slaby, ; Eron, 1994; Huesmann ; Miller, 1994; Anderson ; Bushman, 2001; Bushman ; Huesmann, 2001; Anderson ; Bushman, 2002a; Anderson et al. , in press; Anderson ; Huesmann, 2003). Three findings are particularly important. First, as more studies of violent video games have been conducted, the significance of violent video game effects on key aggression and helping related variables has become clearer. Second, the claim (or worry) that a poor methodological characteristic of some studies has led to a false, inflated conclusion about violent video game effects is simply wrong. Third, video game studies with better methods typically yield bigger effects, suggesting that heightened concern about deleterious effects of exposure to violent video games is warranted. Three major types of studies have clearly and consistently linked media violence to aggressive and violent behavior: experimental, cross-sectional (correlational); and longitudinal. Social-cognitive models of human aggression clearly link exposure to media violence to subsequent aggressive and violent behavior at both the theoretical and empirical levels (e. g. Huesmann, 1988; Anderson ; Bushman, 2002a; Anderson ; Huesmann, in press). Lastly, I am going to discuss why that Social networking is a healthy activity and is largely harmless. Everyday a teenager gets on the computer to log on to Facebook, to check emails, to see what everyone else is doing, and sometimes they are getting bullied on the computer. Social networking can have its pros and cons when dealing with everyday life. Social networking can be very dangerous to our youth and here is a couple of inserts that prove my analysis. You have pedophiles stalking young children because they have an illness. You also have males pretending to be females, because they are hiding their infatuations about the other person behind the computer. In the case involving the 15-year-old girl, police said the man met the girl online in November, when he contacted her through her profile at MySpace, and they later exchanged cell phone numbers. Police said they met face to face for the first time at a military installation and from there began to have a consensual sexual relationship. The suspect did not have a home of his own and arranged meetings with the victim at his friend's home or in his friend's vehicle unbeknownst to the girl's parents, police said. Police learned of the case in January when the girl was identified as an unescorted minor by security at the front gate of the military installation. She told military investigators that she was having a sexual relationship with the man, who worked until then as a civilian employee for the Department of Defense. As a result of the investigation, the man was barred from the base, and he has since been terminated from his job (Rod Antone, 2006). Fifteen percent of all of the youth reported an unwanted sexual solicitation online in the last year; 4% reported an incident on a social networking site specifically. Thirty-three percent reported an online harassment in the last year; 9% reported an incident on a social networking site specifically. Among targeted youth, solicitations were more commonly reported via instant messaging (43%) and in chat rooms (32%), and harassment was more commonly reported in instant messaging (55%) than through social networking sites (27% and 28%, respectively)( Ybarra, M. L. , & Mitchell, K. J. , 2008). This is only a couple scenarios that I have listed to prove that social networking can harm our youth so let’s protect our youth and monitor what they do on the computer. References Anderson, Craig A. (2004). â€Å"An update on the effects of playing violent video games,†Journal of Adolescence 27, 113–122. Bonnie, RJ, â€Å"Discouraging Unhealthy Personal Choices through Government Regulation: Some Thoughts about the Minimum Drinking Age,† In Minimum-Drinking-Age Laws, Wechsler, H (Ed.), Lexington, MA: DC Heath Co., p39-58, 1980.) Donnerstein, E., Slaby, R. G., & Eron, L. D. (1994). The mass media and youth aggression. In L. D. Eron,J.H. Gentry, & P.Schlegel (Eds.), Reason to hope: A psychosocial perspective on violence and youth (pp.219–250).Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Rod Antone, 2006. â€Å"Another isle man allegedly baits teen victim on MySpace,† Honolulu Star Bulletin (9 March), at http://starbulletin.com/2006/03/09/news/story05.html, accessed 21 March 2006. Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2008). How risky are social networking sites? A comparison of places online where youth sexual solicitation a nd harassment occurs. Pediatrics, 121(2), e350-e357.

Radiation Absorbed Dose From 201 TI Thallous chloride Essay

Radiation Absorbed Dose From 201 TI Thallous chloride - Essay Example Thomas SR, Stabin MG Castronovo FP, Radiation-Absorbed Dose from 201Tl-Thallous Chloride. Journal of Nuclear Medicine Vol. 46 No. 3 502-508. 2005 by Society of Nuclear Medicine. 02-03-06. Radiation dosimetry for 201Tl-thallous chloride has been developed by several authors1. The International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) dose estimates for 201Tl chloride have incorporated values of testicular uptake published by Gupta et al2 and Hosain and Hosain. 1. There is a problem when dosimetry is calculated in this way: the values for testicular uptake at 24h reported by these authors for adults are significantly higher than those reported by other authors e.g., Atkins et al, Krahwinkel et al., Rao et al. 4. Further, the authors estimated the possible contribution to radiation dose from several radioactive contaminants that are often present in 201 Tl preparations, and have evaluated the consequence of administration time relative to preparation. 1. The uptake of 201Tl in the testes after intravenous administration of an isotonic solution is not as high as estimated in some studies, which have formed the basis for recommendation of radiation dosimetry by the ICRP. 2. Since these data have been used to estimate testes radiation dose in children, the corresponding values are also higher; the authors hypothesized that even these values need to be revised downwards. 3. When Thallous chloride is provided as an isotonic solution, the possible contaminants are 200Tl, 202Tl, and 203Pb. With longer shelf life, the contribution of 200Tl decreases whereas that of 202Tl increases. The equipment necessary to perform this research are: (1)Diagnostic exercise myocardial scintigraphy (2)Quantitative testicular scintigraphy (3)Lead vinyl shield (4)201Tl standard vial with saline (5)MIRDOSE

Strategies for internationalisation of Aditya Birla Group (ABG) Assignment

Strategies for internationalisation of Aditya Birla Group (ABG) - Assignment Example International business helps an organisation to develop its growth strategy.This in turn helps to acquire a better product life cycle.It is recognised that at times a company’s products do not receive desired attention in its home nation, however, there are significant demands of them in other nations. International business operations provide certain pertinent benefits to an organisation such as scope to incorporate advanced technologies, increase investment opportunities, and make product or service expansion among others which in turn can provide greater returns than operating in home markets (Wall & et. al., 2009). Aditya Birla Group is a multinational Indian company headquartered in Mumbai, India. Aditya Birla Group is a US$40 billion organisation and it is part of Fortune 500 companies recognised by Fortune magazine. In Aditya Birla Group, more than 136,000 employees are competently working as of the year 2012. The Group was ranked in 1st position, in a survey related to ‘Top Companies For Leaders’, in Asia Pacific in the year 2011. This survey is mainly conducted for studying the organisational leadership. The organisation earns more than 53 percent of revenue from operations in abroad. The Group has been operating in 36 countries which comprise Canada, Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, France, Japan and Russia among others. In its home business destination i.e. India the Group is recognised as a leading name in mobile telephone sector, life insurance as well as asset management, supermarket chains and branded apparel among others. In its global operations, the Group is renowned as one of the biggest aluminium and copper producers, carbon black and Viscose staple fibre producers among others (Aditya Birla Management Corporation Pvt. Ltd., 2012). In this paper, the internationalisation strategies of Aditya Birla Group will be recognised as well as a critical analysis of the adopted strategies would be conducted. Moreover, certain reco mmendations related to future strategic direction of the company will be made in order to sustain its competitive advantage. Strategies for Internationalisation of Aditya Birla Group (ABG) There are several strategies that are adopted by the ABG for internationalisation of the business. Acquisition Strategy Aditya Birla Group is well renowned for its business acquisition strategy in the global market. The product as well as service portfolio of ABG includes cement, fertilizers, chemical and financial services among others. Acquisition is the process of buying a company’s most of the stakes with the purpose of getting the ownership of the company (Kazmi, 2008). The corporate strategies prepared for internationalisation of ABG has been focused on expansion of the business with the help of acquisition as well as internationalisation of new business by acquisition. ABG prepares strategies for acquisition of major companies related to their most preferable sectors such as mining. ABG adopted this strategy as an aggressive action towards the internalisation of the business. As a part of this strategy, ABG had signed an accord to acquire the assets of Terrace Bay Pulp Mill in the region of North America. According to statement made by the Chairman of ABG, Mr. Kumar Mangalam Birla â€Å"The acquisition of the Terrace Bay Mill and its subsequent conversion into a dissolving grade pulp mill is a major strategic move† (Aditya Birla Management Corporation Pvt. Ltd., 2012).This move has been especially useful for attaining global leadership. In Canada, Novelis Inc., a leading corporation related to aluminium rolled products was acquired by an ABG’

Regression Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Regression Analysis - Research Paper Example Introduction In order to check the relationship between benefits and the intrinsic, extrinsic and total job satisfaction, 3 bivariate regressions are run. Using the regression equations the linear relationship between the independent variable (benefit) and the 3 sets of dependent variables (total job satisfaction, intrinsic job satisfaction and extrinsic job satisfaction) is established. Bivariate regression analysis shows how the explanatory power of the independent variable in determining the values of the dependent variable (Malhotra, 543). The results from the regression analysis are explained in details. ... from Excel Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.172306 R Square 0.029689 Adjusted R Square 0.001151 Standard Error 0.352328 Observations 36 ANOVA Â   df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1 0.129141 0.129141 1.040326 0.314948704 Residual 34 4.220582 0.124135 Total 35 4.349722 Â   Â   Â   Â   Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept 5.1302975 0.179009596 28.6593 2.1E-25 4.766506281 5.4940888 4.76650628 5.49408881 X Variable 1 0.0376321 0.036895473 1.01996 0.31495 -0.03734857 0.1126127 -0.0373486 0.11261267 Graph Key components of the regression analysis Dependent Variable Slope Y-intercept Equation Intrinsic 0.169682348 4.427844793 Benefits= 4.427844793 + 0.16982348*(Intrinsic) 0.16493309 Extrinsic -0.16220711 6.157338158 Benefits= 6.157338158 -0.16220711*(Extrinsic) 0.287582114 Overall 0.0376321 5.1302975 Benefits= 5.1302975 + 0.0376321*(Overall) 0.0296894 Similarities and Differences Similarity: the intercepts of all the thre e regressions are positive and significant at 5% level of significance (as the p-value for all the 3 regressions are less than 0.05) Dissimilarity: The correlation between benefits-total job satisfaction and benefits-intrinsic job satisfaction is positive (as the slope between them is positive) but the correlation between benefits-extrinsic job satisfaction is negative (as the slope between them is negative) The regression results between benefits-intrinsic job satisfaction and benefits-extrinsic job satisfaction is significant at 5% level of confidence (as the p-value for these two is less than 0.05) but the result of benefit-total job satisfaction came to be insignificant at 5% level of confidence. Correlation coefficients The strongest correlation coefficient is between benefits and intrinsic job

Cardiovascular safety of NSAIDa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cardiovascular safety of NSAIDa - Essay Example As analgesics, NSAIDs are strange in that they are non-narcotic and thus are used as a non-addictive alternative to narcotics (Sundaram, 2014) The most common members of this group of drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen are all available over the counter in most countries. Acetaminophen (parecetamol) is not considered an NSAID because it has only little anti-inflammatory activity. It treats pain mainly by blocking COX-2 mostly in the central nervous system, but not much in the rest of the body.NSAIDs work by inhibiting the activities of both cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). They achieve their function by synthesizing prostaglandins and thromboxanes (Hughes, 2008 p. 100). It is believed that inhibiting COX-2 leads to the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. It has been discovered that, those NSAIDs that inhibit COX-1, particularly aspirin, may cause gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcers. For this reason, the use COX-2 selective inhibitors may be preferred to COX-1 inhibiting NSAIDs. This paper will, therefore, primarily focus on the cardiovascular safety or effect of such NSAI Ds. According to John Vane (1927-2004), in his Nobel-winning works â€Å"the Mechanism of action of aspirin† he elevated that, most NSAIDs act as nonselective inhibitors by targeting enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) (Bruera & Portenoy, 2009 p. 271). They achieve their goal by inhibiting both the isoenzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Most of this inhibition caused by NSAIDs is competitively reversible (although at fluctuating degrees of reversibility), except the mechanisms of aspirin, which is irreversible inhibition. COX more specifically works as it catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxane from arachidonic acid (a compound that is derived from the cellular phospholipid bilayer by phospholipase A2). Prostaglandins act among other things as messenger molecules in the process of