What Is an Oral Tradition

The rich and heroic period when the events of the Iliad and the Odyssey took place is known as the Mycenaean Age. Kings built strongholds in well-fortified cities on hilltops. The period when Homer sang the epic stories and when, shortly after, other talented Greeks (Hellenes) created new literary/musical forms—like lyric poetry—is known as the Archaic Age, which comes from a Greek word for beginning (arche). Between these two periods was a mysterious dark age when, somehow, the people of the area lost the ability to write. Thus, Homers epics are part of an oral tradition which passed down history, custom, law, and culture through spoken word rather than written. Rhapsodes: Generations of Storytellers We know very little about what cataclysm put an end to the powerful society we see in the Trojan War stories. Since the Iliad and Odyssey were eventually written down, it should be emphasized that they came out of the earlier oral period, proliferated by word of mouth alone. It is thought that the epics we know today are the result of generations of storytellers (a technical term for them is rhapsodes) passing on the material until finally, somehow, someone wrote it. The specifics of this structure are among the myriad details we dont know from this legendary age. Keeping Culture and History Alive An oral tradition is the vehicle by which information is passed from one generation to the next in the absence of writing or a recording medium. In the days before near-universal literacy, bards would sing or chant their peoples stories. They employed various (mnemonic) techniques to aid both in their own memory and to help their listeners keep track of the story. This oral tradition was a way to keep the history or culture of the people alive, and since it was a form of storytelling, it was a popular form of entertainment. Mnemonic Devices, Improv, and Memorization The Brothers Grimm and Milman Parry (and, because Parry died young, his assistant Alfred Lord, who carried on his work) are some of the big names in the academic study of the oral tradition. Parry discovered there were formulas (mnemonic devices, literary devices, and figurative language still used today) that bards used which allowed them to create part-improvised, part-memorized performances.

Criminal Justice System A System Of Law Enforcement

Abstract The criminal justice system is a system of law enforcement that is directly involved in prosecuting, defending, sentencing, and punishing people suspected of crime or convicted of felony offenses. The criminal justice system is made of three major components; law enforcement, courts, and corrections. All have subcomponents that work together in order for the system to function properly and maintain order. The three major components have big backgrounds that lead up to the way they function now. The History of the Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system began simple and not as complex as it is now. This system is a law enforcement system that practices directed to upholding social control, decreasing crime, punishing those who violate laws with criminal penalties and use of rehabilitation. There are three major components that work together in order for the criminal justice to work. Law enforcement, which includes polices officers that ensure security, prevent and investig ate crimes, and arrest individuals arrested of. Courts are another component that make up the system and is responsible for settling disputes and settle justice. Critical people and events consist in a court setting. Corrections are where offenders are turned over to. This is where the punishment of the offender is served. It also serves as protection for society to keep offenders out of public. Law Enforcement Law enforcement is mainly consisted of policing. The development ofShow MoreRelatedThe Law Enforcement System And The Criminal Justice System Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe Law enforcement system is one of the major components within the Criminal Justice System. According to the National Center for Victims of Crime (2008), The Law enforcement system plays a critical key role within the Criminal Justice system, since â€Å"Law enforcement officers take reports for crimes that happen in the area, then the officers investigate crimes and both gather and protect evidence, officers may arrest offenders, give testimony during the court process, and conduct follow up investigationsRead MoreLaw Enforcement And Criminal Justice System2527 Words   |  11 PagesLaw enforcement agencies together with the entire criminal justice system of the United states have for a long time been accused of exhibiting biasness when it comes to the implementation of the law. The two syste ms have been accused of being harsh on particular ethnic communities and being too lenient on other communities. One perfect exemplification of the discrimination and bias exhibited by law enforcement agencies regards the criminalization of Black and Latino communities. Recent statisticsRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Law Enforcement Agencies960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Criminal Justice System works to enforce laws within the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of the government. To insure the criminal justice agencies are organized and functioning, it is typically divided into three main components. The three main components are law enforcement agencies, court agencies, and correctional agencies (Siegel Worrall, 2015). Law enforcement agencies are in charge of thoroughly investigating the crimes and detaining suspects (Siegel Worrall, 2015). CourtRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Biased? Law Enforcement2004 Words   |  9 PagesIs the criminal justice system b iased? Law enforcement has used techniques such as criminal profiling to achieve the responsibility of protecting and serving society. How they use this practice is the key to whether the system is biased. Criminal profiling is a research method used by law enforcement professionals to select the potential suspects of a specific crime. Zapf (2011) stated â€Å"Criminal profiling is the process of identifying behavioral tendencies, personality traits, geographic locationRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On The Public s Perception Of Law Enforcement And The Criminal Justice System1751 Words   |  8 PagesPolicing the Media: A literature review of the Role the Media Plays in the Public’s Perception of Law Enforcement and the Criminal Justice System. The role the mass media plays in the public perception of Law Enforcement and the Criminal Justice System is potentially important in relation to the viewer’s attitude and beliefs. Does the general public support law enforcement or does the media create a negative perception of the police in the press and on network television? The CSI Effect has gainedRead MorePolicing1068 Words   |  5 PagesEthics in Criminal Justice Administration Analysis Perla M. 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This is important as one ofRead MoreCriminal Justice System Paper803 Words   |  4 PagesCriminal Justice System Paper CJA/204 Vonnie Cooper March 28, 2011 Ken Salmon The word â€Å"crime† means an illegal action that is prohibited by law or a breakage of certain laws set forth by the criminal justice system. When someoneRead MoreCriminology : Crime And Crime1410 Words   |  6 PagesCriminology is defined by the book Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, which was written by author Dr. Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D., as â€Å"the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders† (Schmalleger, 2006, p. 20). People look at criminology in a big concept of criminal prevention but criminology in itself carries a wide variety of functions in treating crime and providing punishment to those who commit crimes. Crime increases when theRead MoreEthics in Criminal Justice Administration Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesEthics in Criminal Justice Administration Analysis Lisa Myatt CJA/484 David Mailloux July 30, 2012 Ethics and professional behavior are an important part of criminal justice administration. Ethics is referred to as what is right or wrong and your moral principles. Criminal justice administration are faced with ethical issues everyday and must deal with this ethical issues in a professional manner. The administration in criminal justice especially the

The Movie Fences Film Analysis - 1202 Words

Fences is a drama film directed, starring and produced by Denzel Washington, along with Academy Award Winner Viola Davis and adapted from the play Fences by August Wilson. The movie Fences focuses with elements of distrust and change among a working-class African-American father Troy Maxson, who makes his living as a garbage collector during the 1950s in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Maxson’s dream was to become a professional baseball player, but he was considered too old when the league began recruiting black athletes. Sullen after hearing the truth, Troy creates more problems in his family when he dismisses his son Cory’s chance to play professional football. The director’s perception of African American experience during the time period is†¦show more content†¦The overall movie is good, but it doesn’t provide the same aesthetic quality that the playwright does, but it does have strong casting and important themes. Denzel Washington, who plays Troy Maxson, delivers an unforgettable performance to the audience, leaving no emotion untouched. Like many of Washington’s movies, he has the mysterious gift of absorbing his fictional character from the script and making viewers believe his character is palpable. His delivery of lines are powerful thus forcing me to recollect events that revealed the same emotions he felt in a past time, â€Å"See? I’m gonna build me a fence around what belongs to me. And then I want you to stay on the other side. See? You stay over there until you’re ready for me,† his expression of anger and sadness is something familiar to my own. (Wilson 108). I had experienced a death in my own family, with the aid of Washington’s fervent delivery of his lines, I was able to remember the same unpleasant moments similar to the characters. Also, Viola Davis who plays Rose Maxson in the movie, reminds me of my own mother. The vivacity in her acting allows to indirectly provide char acteristics for Rose, she was strong, independent, selfless and practical. Rose Maxson was a mother, that would do anything for her family even give up the dreams she wanted most She demonstrated this by saying, â€Å"I took all my feelings, my wants and needs,Show MoreRelatedThe Movie Fences Film Analysis1254 Words   |  6 PagesFences is a drama film directed and starred by Denzel Washington, along with Academy Award Winner, Viola Davis as well as adapted from the play Fences by August Wilson. The movie Fences focuses with elements of distrust and change among a working-class African-American father Troy Maxson, works as a garbage collector during the 1950s in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Maxson’s dream was to become a professional baseball player, but he was considered too old when the league began recruiting black athletesRead MoreBoy in Striped Pajamas1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe Boy In Striped Pajamas: A Movie Analysis The film is an emotional experience highlighting the tragedy of innocence, using the point of view of an eight-year-old German boy to expose the raw psychological devastation of the era. Its an unnerving film with a knockout punch for an ending, but it feels more acceptable as an educational piece than a profoundly rewarding work of drama. This movie is based on a book that goes by the same name, The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, written by John BoyneRead MoreFinding Leadership in the Movie Seabiscuit Essay example1415 Words   |  6 PagesFinding Leadership in the Movie Seabiscuit Traditionally, analysis on roles for effective leadership surround corporate or military settings with clearly defined problems, discernable issues, and areas where hypothesis can be made, models formed, predictions tested, and outcomes verified. Analyzing a film like Seabiscuit for the roles of leadership present many interesting questions about leadership and what it means to be a leader. The film Seabiscuit chronicles the lives of individuals as theyRead MoreThe Movie Radio Analysis Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesRadio, Film analysis The dramatic and uplifting movie â€Å"Radio† starring Cuba Gooding JR. and Ed Harris, is based on the true life story of James Robert Kennedy, a k a Radio; a mentally retarded young African-American who spends his days pushing a shopping cart around the streets of Anderson, a small South Carolina town, collecting junk and old radios. The movie starts with the heartbreaking scene of Radio pushing his cart around the town, in his own little world; people are ignoring him, and aRead MoreEssay about Analysis of West Side Story1161 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of West Side Story West Side Story came out in 1961 as a melodramatic musical that took place in New York. It takes the same theme as Shakespeares, Romeo and Juliet, in that it is about two lovers whose relationship is not accepted by others because of conflicting backgrounds. The artistic intensions of this film are implicitly stated everywhere throughout the film. All of the dancing, singing, acting and pretend fighting was done thoroughly and very well, although the mikingRead MoreAn Analysis Of John Boyne s The Boy s The Striped Pajamas 1503 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause (respond in at least 2 sentences): I have watched the movie many times and I always wanted to know which was better and what the difference between the book and the film. Connecting with Character: Protagonist Bruno How do you relate to this character? Similarities Differences Beginning: Bruno wanted to meet Shmuel and become friends with him at first sight; He wanted to play with him also. But they were separated by a fence. I can relate to that because I like meeting new friends andRead MoreThe Film War Horse By Michael Morpurgo1575 Words   |  7 Pagesmovement is a storytelling device across all film genres, for example in the film War Horse. Unlike Pulp Fiction there is a larger variety of camera shots used, to express visually the different scenes and emotions present. War Horse is ‘an adaptation of Michael Morpurgo’s’ (Madigan 2012, 48) children’s novel, and gives its viewers a breath-taking tale of a friendship between a horse (Joey) and a young man (Albert) amongst the devastation of World War 1. The films use of cinematography creates an effectiveRead MoreShutter Island : Film Analysis Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesThis is a film analysis of Shutter Island. Shutter Island is a 2010 film directed by Martin Scorsese . Starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Mark Ruffalo, this film is 138 minutes of psychological thrills and horror. Shutter Island covers the field of psychopathology. More specifically, it covers psychotic disorders, dissociative disorders, and treatment. Shutter Island is set in 1954 on Shutter Island, Massachusetts at the Ashecliffe Hospital for the criminally insane. The opening scene of the film is U.SRead MoreEssay on The Pianist1175 Words   |  5 PagesProf. Hirchfelder, K-213 ENG2102, Sec. 06 26 March 2013 Scene Analysis Paper Musical Dependency The 2002 film, The Pianist directed by Roman Polanski focuses on the hardships of a well-known, local concert pianist, Wladyslaw Szpilman. Wladyslaw Szpilman is played by actor Adrien Brody, who does an excellent job portraying both the warmhearted side of Szpliman and the desperate struggling side we see later on in the film. The film is based on Szpilman’s book, The Pianist where he discusses trueRead MoreAnalysis of August Wilsons Short Story Fences2029 Words   |  8 Pageswhat it means, other than life is hard (Calvert, n.d.) In so many ways Fences is such an ordinary story that its power comes from the ways in which ordinary people hear and view it. There is no doubt but that the metaphor of the fence prevails, working its way across work, family, friendship and the emotional pain of living a life literally dependent on garbage for survival. This is what Wilson wrote about in his Fences of the 1950s. In retrospect, however, it doesnt take a lot to put some of

Apples Marketing Strategy Power of Simplicity and Innovation

Question: Discuss about the Essay for Apples Marketing Strategy and Power of Simplicity and Innovation. Answer: There are certain brands that cannot be differentiated from the maker of the brand, Apple is such a brand, Apple relates to the legendary Steve Jobs like no other brand. When we look at the history of brands they have been established by their uniqueness and vitality. Even the lawsuits with Samsung, have brought it in the cynosure of everyones eye. But, let us go to the basics how has the marketing strategy of this product made it such a loved brand. When we look at the statistics, Apple is a great example in terms of design and innovation. It also combines a sense of pride by giving the customer a sense of premium purchase. Let us look at the basics of a good product, before we draw out the marketing strategy this product developed. Before I delve into the analysis of a marketing strategy that made Apple successful, I would want to discuss what marketing strategy is, marketing strategy is a culmination of a distinct STP and 4P analysis, which includes segmentation, targeting and positioning after this a thorough analysis of the Product, Price, Place and Promotion is made. Marketing Strategy is also the alignment of marketing short term and long term plans with respect to the companys vision and mission statement. This in turn leads to a goal strategy alignment. The 4P Analysis Ease of Use, Desirability, Availability and Launch tactics As far as the products were concerned, Jobs would always stick to the point of design simplicity. Industrial design has always been a complicated genre, and when the same is combined with needs of the consumer. As the technology revolution has moved ahead we have noticed that how the features that the shopper wants in a phone have increased drastically. Applying the Kano model in this case the delighters of today will turn into hygiene factors as soon as tomorrow. Thus this desire of more intricate features has made it exceedingly difficult to keep things simple. I was travelling for the past two weeks, and spoke to couple of German nationals when we were comparing Apple to its competitors one of the traveller explained that the real reason why Apple is Apple is that it is just a single product while the others provide a gamut of products with a plethora of confusion. Then comes the Price, Apple has kept the prices significantly higher than the other players, this is the strategy to look at the brand as a premium product. It is directly related to the shopper feeling elated when he owns an Apple product. When it comes to the placement of its products, the concepts of an Apple store with amazing features like the Genius Bar, the layout of the store itself provides an amazing experience to the customer. They also ensure exclusivity by keeping a check on the number of stores opened. Then comes the aspect of promotions prior to launch and later, the product have a pre-launch strategy with videos creating the buzz about the features in the product. This can be very well seen when they created a thrill around the launch of Siri, a talkative assistance feature. Jobs always made sure that the launch of any Apple product came as a magnificent event. The external environment Now we must look at the theoretical aspects of marketing environment the economic environment suggests the advent of SMAC based technologies with deep rooted consumerism across the globe. As far as the social environment is concerned this has propelled individualistic tendencies, hence a number of consumers relate to the founder Job with their own persona. Apple has spread the American way of consumerism all through the world owning an Apple product brings in a feeling of rarity and exclusivity in the minds of the consumer. The legal cases that Apple has fought in fact has made it even more pronounced across the globe. It has received a stature in countries like South Korea where they fight with their biggest rival Samsung. As far as technology is concerned they have displayed innovation and simplicity as their key value proposition. The Price factor and Porters Generic Strategy Apple has all the three components of the Generic Strategy, The Company is focussed not just on the product but its clear cut offering is simplicity. It is differentiated in every possible way that is possible be it the price segment that it operates in. Then comes the effect of a well demarcated design and in a large number of cases they have been pioneers of novel design concepts. Then we can also look at cost and in case of Apple the cost is related the outlook of a premium product that it throws before the customer. The other aspects could be to look at the strengths of this giant over the others. The company has the largest reserve cash which is more than close to two-thirds of the countries in the world. The BCG and Ansoffs Matrix analysis When we apply these two models we clearly see that Apple is currently a Star as far as overall corporate brand is concerned while the products like IPhone is now becoming a cash cow and they need to make a major upheaval in the user experience to regain the Star position in the smartphone category. Apple is doing a lot as far a Product Development is concerned, this can be seen by the launch of Apples iWatch. They are also looking at Market Development by entering the emerging markets where their penetration and reach is fairly low. Better customer service with amazing in-store experiences The other aspects of customer experience that Apple provides is a customer experience that combines a retail strategy with customer centricity. Apple never tries to make a plethora of products they research and innovate and bring out a product which is considerable different from the previous one. We need to look at the aspects of a Sustainable competitive advantage in this case they have balanced it with both a technology approach with a people centric approach. They have always tried to prevent imitation of their products and fought hard over such matters be it in any court in any nation. Thus the company has kept itself well differentiated with respect to its competitors. Apple has been great at process delivery but the major trial for the company has been to ensure that they have a full-bodied globalized distribution display place since they operate in more than 80 countries worldwide. This platform also requires a global network of skilled resources who can provide cross proficiency training to around the company. Threats and Opportunities Any marketing strategy is quite incomplete without a SWOT analysis, Apples strength and rise to fame has already been discussed and explained by me. But when we look at the major challenges and threats we can see piracy and copycat designs as major threat to its consistent growth. After Jobs the leadership change has also influenced the way buyers saw this product. Finally what can be the opportunity, in this technology savvy millennial generation, innovation has to be the key differentiator that brings in customers. Apple is a spear header in innovation. They have always stayed ahead of times. Apple!!!Its a clear competitive marketing strategy Apples goal is aligned with the vision and mission statement of being an innovation player they have ensured their reliance on the same. They have incorporated innovation due to the effect of Jobs focus on the same. They have not only revolutionized the smartphone industry but also the mobility industry in particular. How is Apple shaped for the future? Apple is thus a success owing to its reliance on simplicity and innovation. They have clearly understood their target shopper and hence ensured their bargaining power to prevail. This and combined with their drive for bringing up new user experience will make it successful and a sustainable competitive advantage will be achieved. References Gladwell, M 2000. The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. Boston: Little, Brown. .Bridson, K., and Evans, J. 2004.The secret to a fashion advantage is brand orientation, International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management. Vol. 32. No.8. pp: 403-11 Shamoon, S. and Saiqa T. 2011. Brand Management: What Next? Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business. Vol. 2. No.12. pp: 435441. Quinlan, J. P. The Last Economic Superpower: The Retreat of Globalization, the End of American Dominance, and What We Can Do about It. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Accessed April 15, 2016. ProQuest Ebrary. Manuel, H. Gerry, J. and George, Y 2013. Strategic Transformation: Changing While Winning. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 140. Bernstein, M., Claudia B., Anthony J. C., Thierry, D Ales E. and Fred Rush 2013. Art and Aesthetics after Adorno. Berkeley: University of California Press. Greg, T. and John, B 2014. FMCG: The Power of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods. First Edition Design Pub. p. 426. Beardwell, I., Holden, L. and Claydon, T., 2010. Human Resource Management: A Contemporary Approach. 6th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Mullins, L. J., 2010. Essentials of Organisation Behaviour. 9th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Husted B., D. Allen: 2007, Strategic corporate social responsibility and value creation among large firms: Lessons from the Spanish experience, Long Range Planning, Vol. 40, pp. 594-610.

Business Law ASIC v Adler Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Law ASIC v Adler. Answer: The brief facts of this case are that in June 2000, HIH Casualty and General Insurance Ltd. (HIHC) gave an unsecured and undocumented loan of $10 million to Pacific Eagle Equity Pty Ltd (PEE). The latter corporation was controlled by Mr. Adler, the trustee of Australian Equities Unit Trust (AEUT). At the same time, he was also acting as the non-Executive Director through Adler Corporation which was a major shareholder of HIH. After getting this credit, PEE also became a trustee of AEUT. The loan of $10 million given by HIHC to PEE was used for HIHC's subscription for 10 million worth AEUT Units. Then PEE purchase shares of HIH worth $4 million on the stock market when these shares were put up for sale by PEE at the loss of $2 million. These shares of HIH were bought by PEE for creating a false impression in the stock market, among the investors of HIH that the company is doing good. Similarly, various unlisted shares were purchased by PEE in technology and communication corporations from the Adler Corporation at a price of $4 million. However, all this proved to be a total loss investment. The amount of $2 million was given under trust by AEUT to Adler. However these dealings have been carried out without informing the board of the company and without taking the approval of the shareholders. In the same way, there was no disclosure made to the board or to the investment committee of HIH. Under these circumstances, the court held that in this case, there has been a breach of directors duties mentioned in the Corporations Act by Adler, particularly the duty mentioned in section 180, 181, 182 and 183. As a result of this conclusion, it was decided by the court that Adler should be prohibited from acting as a director of a corporation for twenty years. Similarly, Williams and one more director of the company were also banned from acting as the director for 10 years. Apart from it, penalties were also imposed by the court. Therefore, a penalty of $450,000 was impose d on Adler. A similar penalty was imposed on Adler Corporation. Williams had to pay a penalty of $250,000 and in the same way the other director Fodera was required to pay a penalty of $5000. Apart from it, Adler, Adler Corporation and Williams were also ordered by the court to pay a sum of $7,986,402 to HIHC. The facts of ASIC v Adler were not only very exceptional, but they were also very complicated. The reason was that in this case, there was involved a number of breaches of the duties of directors prescribed in the Corporations Act. It also needs to be mentioned that the collapse of HIH was the result of very bad corporate governance. These breach of duties included the breach of section 180, which prescribes the duty to act with care and diligence; section 181 that imposes a duty on the directors to act in good faith; s 181(2), which prescribes the business judgment rule as a defense to the directors; s182 which prohibits the improper use of position by the directors; s183 according to which the directors should refrain from improperly using any information received by them consequently of their position in the corporation and s 260A related with financial assistance (Ford and Austin, 1995). In this case, it was held by Santow J that HIH, and its totally owned subsidiary HIHC, as well as the directors of HIH, Adler, Williams and Fodera were liable for the breach of related party provisions mentioned in Chapter 2E, Corporations Act plus the financial assistance provisions that are present in Part 2J.3 when a loan was given by HIHC to a trust that was under the control of the entities related with Adler and at the same time, some of this money was used for purchasing the shares in HIH. At the same time, the court also found these three directors liable for the breach of their duties as the directors/officers of HIH and HIHC under Division 1, Part 2D.1 regarding their involvement in the above-mentioned intransigence, the buying of shares by the trust in some unlisted Internet and technology companies from the entities that were related with Adler and the loans given by the trust to some other companies that were linked with Adler. In this case, it was held by Santow J. that s208 has been breached by HIH and HIHC due to the reason that the sum of $10 million to PEE can be treated as providing a financial benefit to PEE and also to Adler Corporation and Adler, falling under s229. The court also stated that for the purpose of the exception provided in s210, the terms of the financial benefits cannot be considered an arms length. This conclusion was made, irrespective of the fact whether the initial payment to PEE was made as an unsecured loan or as the resulting trust, as was argued by Adler. Moreover, in the same way, the court held that the subsequent entering into of the trust deed, cannot be treated to be within the arms length exception mentioned in s210 because there were no adequate safeguards in the trust deed in case where a potential conflict of interest was present on the part of Adler and it was considerably one-sided against the company. In this regard, the court stated that the factual evidence produced in the court was in favor of the conclusion that this transaction was performed at the initiative of Adler and also with the concurrence of Williams. As a result, the court concluded that both these directors were liable for the breach of s209(2) as they were involved in bridging the provisions of s208 by HIH and HIHC. Under the circumstances, it was stated by Santow J that on the basis of the evidence presented in this case, it can be said that the other director, Fodera can also be held liable for the breach of s209(2) due to the reason of his involvement in the breach of s. 208 by HIH. The court noted the fact that he had adequate knowledge regarding the essential elements of the breach and the attempts made by him later on to distance himself from the transaction did not alter this position though we tried to refer matters to others. In this case, it was also stated by the court that Adler had breached his duty of care and diligence that has been mentioned in section 180. According to this section, a director or an officer of the company has to use their powers with same care and diligence that any other reasonable person would have used. Apart from being reasonable person test, s180(2) contains the business judgment rule, which can be used by the directors for the purpose of complying with their duty of care and diligence (Farrar and Hannigan, 1998). Therefore, when the directors are going to make a business judgment, it can be considered that they have complied with this duty if the business judgment has been made in good faith and proper purpose and at the same time it is also necessary that the director did not have any personal interest in it (Paterson and Ednie, 1976). On the basis of the facts of this case, the court stated that at that can be held liable for the breach of his duty to exercise care and diligence, because any reasonably careful director in the same position would not have permitted to pay $10 million to PEE that were going to be used for purchasing the shares of HIH. At the same time, the proper corporate procedures and safeguards have been bypassed by Adler. As a result, the court stated that Adler cannot rely upon the protection provided by the business judgment rule. Due to the reason that it was clear that in this case, Adler had a personal interest due to the fact of a significant shareholding in HIH and as a result, it can be said that the business judgment was not made by a very good faith. These facts clearly revealed that the object of Adler. Behind this transaction was to support the share price of HIH. Therefore, in the end, it can be stated that this case needs to be considered in perspective and the debacle caused by the breach of duties by the directors can be explained with the help of agency theory. After all, the directors are also human beings and they have their own aspirations. Therefore, sometimes there can be a conflict of interest with their fiduciary duties. Some of the directors are the founders of the corporation and they have taken great pains to establish the company. As a result, these directors tend to think that they can deal with the crisis, which is faced by them as there is always some crises or other present in the management of a big company. The directors think that we have been successful in steering through these crises in the past also (Austin and Ramsay, 2013). Similarly it is a very difficult decision to take the company through bankruptcy. All the directors are aware of the fact that in its life, the company has faced similar prices on many occasions and their decision to continue with the operations of the company has succeeded in getting out the company from the mess. However, thelaw requires that the companies should pay particular attention to managing this type of risks. For this purpose they should adopt appropriate compliance programs and procedures. In the same way, awareness can also be increased regarding such issues by adopting appropriate training programs (Ford, 1978). For these reasons, it is very important for the company to make sure that it always has good corporate governance. This is an essential director of a company. Good corporate governance allows the company to create trust and confidence among various stakeholders like directors, shareholders and other relevant persons. The value of the company is also increased significantly as a result of good corporate governance and it can sustain the growth of the company. On the other hand, if the company fails to comply with the rules mentioned in the Corporations Act, the company will be held liable under multiple sections of the Act. References Austin R.P. and Ramsay, I.M., 2013, Fords Principles of Corporations Law (LexisNexis Butterworths, 15th ed.) 432 Farrar, John H and Hannigan, B., 1998, Farrars CompanyLaw (Butterworths, 4th ed.) 382 Ford H.A.J., and Austin, R.P., 1995, Ford and Austins Principles of CorporationsLaw (Butterworths, 7th ed.) 262 Ford, H.A.J., 1978, Principles of Company Law (Butterworths, 2nd ed.) 345 Paterson W.E. and Ednie, H.H., 1976, Butterworths, Australian Company Law, vol 2 (2nd ed.)

College Goals Essay Sample - Read The Resources Before You Start

College Goals Essay Sample - Read The Resources Before You StartCollege goals essay sample is a great way to start your research. Before you read your essay, it is important to know where to find the essay sample. You want to make sure that you have researched the most popular essay topics that are available and that you are confident that you can write a good essay on your topic.The first place you should look is online. You will find a great number of resources to help you out. You will find lots of resources to help you with college essays. College essays are one of the most common essays, and there are hundreds of opportunities for essay topics.You can choose which essay to write depending on your personal preference. There are many different ways to write a college essay and the best way to find out what your best options are is to read a variety of sample essays and talk to people who have already written a college essay. You will be able to ask them about the format and about the process of writing an essay.If you have never written a college essay, then you will find that you have a lot of trouble. It is important to begin by researching the topic and how to write an essay.Once you find the topic, you will need to learn some basic writing skills. Most students who have never written a college essay struggle because they cannot write good or clear sentences. When they read an essay that they have written, they will not understand the writing at all. Therefore, your goal is to learn to write good and clear sentences that are easy to understand.Once you have learned your writing skills, you should begin to look for an essay sample. You will be able to find a variety of essay samples on many websites, but you should find a resource that will offer a free version. Itis not necessary to pay for a college essay sample, and you can get an understanding of what writing a college essay is all about.The writing part of the essay is a lot like other writing styles. The college goals essay sample will provide you with information about the overall structure of a college essay. You will also get a general idea of the types of questions that you need to ask yourself and the questions that your reader needs to answer.College essays are an important part of the college experience, so it is important to understand what is expected of you. You should understand that your essay is not just a simple piece of work. There are many more steps than simple college essays.

Contemporary Political Culture

Introduction Poverty comes as a result of oppression of individuals in society. Oppression on the other hand cannot perpetrate its self without the constructive or deductive participation by the oppressed. The social setups in society have segregated and branded individuals as poor for lack of common societal indicators of not being poor.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary Political Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This inadequacy is not in the simplest sense relevant when it comes to intelligence and brilliance. In fact the most intelligent and brilliant persons hail from poor setups. Therefore, I dare say that poverty is not a condition but rather an attitude. I propose that poverty is a brand name that is contracted by social stratification and class. A social class is a societal group of people who perceive themselves as being of similar ideology thinking and condition of life. In effect, po verty is an attitude of a class of people. You may be poor but smart. The level of poverty is in no way a measure of one’s intelligence. I shall interrogate the connection between attitude intelligence and poverty. Argument The philosophical question of the century has been whether the state should wage a war against poverty or to formulate programs to end poverty. Both arguments have similar objectives of facing pout the menace of poverty. The liberalists have taken the literal meaning of waging war against poverty and gone ahead to wage war against the poor. These attempts have had opposite results in the form of riots and protests that have been accompanied by looting and damage to property. It begins with the dramatic and gradual economic shifts in the local and world fora, which culminates in unemployment and high costs of living. Concentration of wealth among the middle and upper classes makes it hard for the lower poor class to access security in jobs housing and food. Gradually the persons find it hard to escape the poverty. Despite the willingness of the poor to move away and work their way out of it, the prevailing political and social environment makes the war against the poor inevitable (Lynch and William, pp. 502-503). For instance if education becomes stratified and yet it is the main system that the poor use to access the path away from poverty then the poor have little choice. Back in the 19th century, the mass education program placed a level beam on which people from all walks of life would balance their way through to the other end against poverty. This has since changed since the basis of financing these schools has been purely the local taxes collected from the individuals. Therefore, it is obvious that the more affluent towns pay more taxes and therefore attract better learning facilities slowly and gradually locking out the poor and less financially able students from accessing these institutions.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ivy League universities are slowly replaced by classy universities such as Harvard where a child needs up to $150000 with a few receiving scholarships .even worse, the changing economic conditions have slowly and gradually driven the state colleges to increase their fees. This was the safety net for the children of less wealthy parents (Babb Pp 233-312)Â  . It is not hard to imply that the child from a wealthy family has a better chance at graduation than one from the less wealthy family. Moving up the ladder, the child from the wealthy family has a better chance at getting a good job as well as good prospects. The point here is that the difference between the rich and poor is not only based on wealth and income, it is a representation of inequality in opportunities. This inequality moves in on to the social realm with people of certain educational qualifications tending to mi ngle and/ or marry from those with similar or higher educational qualifications. The age at which the educated bear children is also different with majority having their first child at 30 years. The bottom end of the story has a different twist. Due to the limited opportunities or lack of access to them, the women at the bottom of the heap tend to marry or bear children earlier. It is not surprising that most of these children are born out of wedlock. The road to upward mobility is one, education, and yet it grows narrower by the day. The days of utilitarian ideology have been trounced by the whims of capitalism and the harmony and concept of socialism left to the churches and charitable institutions. Income is at the heart of the debate between poverty and wealth. The level of balance in income was fairly balanced right after the war. This was not to survive long since within only a quarter of a century there has been a dramatic shift in the balance in favor of the well of minority . Their incomes doubled and their proportion of the national income rose to a third of the annual total income. This state of affairs continues to worsen with the few wealthy persons accumulating wealth at the expense of the poor. This could be attributed to the change in obligation and roles across the century. At the beginning, the minority wealthy persons worked lesser hours as compared to those at the bottom of the heap. Today the tide has turned and the top few work more hours than the lower majority. This tends to justify their massive wealth and control. This line of thought leads to the rod of attitude. The majority of individuals in America for instance believe that it is possible to start out poor and move upwards . This however depends on how balanced the opportunities available are.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary Political Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, in a balance d society with equal access to opportunities, then poverty is an attitude. This is to suggest that there is a difference between living in poverty and being poor. This difference lies in the will, personality and attitude in the individual(Banerjee Duflo, pp 319- 475). The mobility of persons between the classes borrows heavily from the level of equality in the society. The established class system has brought forward several defenses for the continued quest to increase the gap. The first is the separation of poverty from moral failure. As it is the moral corruption and pollution is common among peoples of all classes. The level in the upper class however is more skimmed and covered and does not receive allot of criticism and publicity. It is allowed that he boss can drink and sleep on his desk but not the poor worker who only has a gutter to himself. The middle class on the other hand slip through unnoticed and remain untouched until they incur or cause great damage. The state of undeservingness results from poverty. The lack of fit between individuals in society is not a willed eventuality but rather a consequence of poverty. Stratification of class related to poverty in both value and sense. Unmarried middle class mothers fail to marry the fathers of their children due to the obvious consequences of financial and social undeservingness. A more conservative stand emphasizes the responsibilities of the poor leaving aside the responsibilities of the rich. The poor o their end find no obligation to be responsible to society until society treats them responsibly. Class stereotyping forms a class under the undeserving poor whose everyday labeling turns into a form of discrimination and self-fulfilling prophesies. It is common among children from single parents who suffer the lack of parenthood and end up confronting everyday life from a partisan stand. They suffer the discrimination for their lack of mentoring, one which they had no choice but to bear with. Conc lusion Blaming the poor for their sate does nothing to deter poverty related neither character nor poverty in its self. Waging a war against the poor only agitates them to look for alternative escape route to survival. It explains why most of the news on poverty is influenced by crime. The true objective of the reporting of the poverty situation loses its momentum and becomes a blame game. The general population now feels threatened by the poor all because of the relationship that has been established between them and crime.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is common ground among social scientists philosophers and societal enthusiasts that the circle of poverty is motivated by inequality in opportunities. The more imbalanced the access to opportunity is the greater the magnitude of poverty. On the other hand, in a society of equal opportunity, the focus of poverty migrates to individual attitude alongside class stratification. References Babb, Sarah. Behind the Development Banks: Washington Politics, World Poverty, and the Wealth of Nations. University of Chicago Press. (2009): Pp 233-312 Banerjee, Abhijit Esther, Duflo . Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty .New York: Public Affairs, (2011): pp 319- 475 Lynch, Kennedy and William, Kennedy .Writing in the Disciplines New York London: Pearson Prentice Hall. (2008): pp. 502-503 This essay on Contemporary Political Culture was written and submitted by user Giovani Holloway to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.